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by Guy Berliner
Saturday, Jul. 28, 2001 at 9:54 AM
After Genoa, all doubts should have vanished: We ARE living in revolutionary times. But where will that revolutionary potential lead,
and what can and should we do about it?
If there were still any doubts in anyone's minds that we find ourselves in revolutionary times, that there is afoot in the world a movement for revolutionary, democratic social change that represents, in the words of Susan George, "the most beautiful hope in thirty years," the hundreds of thousands of people in the streets of Genoa should now have totally extinguished such doubts.
And yet, we are faced with the question, "Where to from here?" Many possibilities compete for our attention. We have a variety of tactics to choose from, of ideological "wares" for sale. What points can unite us? What can we say definitively about our strategies or tactics?
Each of these things warrants careful consideration:
Points of unity: what fundamental principles do we share?
Strategy: a long term plan of action.
Tactics: the particular short term strategems on the field of battle, differing from one battle to another, that can advance our strategy.
Our points of unity must inform both our strategy and tactics. Here's a rough sketch of some things we might agree on: That there is an elite clique in our society that has seized inordinate control of almost every aspect of our culture, our economy, and our politics, in our own and many other countries. That the elites in different countries, like in the feudal days of old, are incestuous and bear more affinity to each other than to their own countrymen. That the consequences of this are urgent and dreadfully harmful for human wellbeing and ecological survival. That the capitalist system of social relations is deeply implicated in this state of affairs. That "the system" is radically defective, does not and cannot effectively represent the interests of the majority as it claims to, and an effective democratic change must work against the systemic dynamics that perpetuate injustices, and that such change must of necessity be brought about by a "force majeure" imposing itself from outside that system, and cannot be wrought solely working within it.
These points more or less sum up much of radical politics today. Unfortunately, we seldom get past the tedious repetition of these points and this analysis. But this is where the really challenging and important work ahead lies: vision for the future, and strategy and tactics to get us there. And this is where humility is called for.
I don't have much precise wisdom to offer anyone on these matters. I'm as much at sea as anyone else once I get past the analysis of what's wrong and start to talk about what we can and should do about it. But I can think of at least a few principles to guide us at this crucial task.
One thing I think we can agree on: A democratic revolution must, by definition, engage the majority of people. It must be "of, by, and for the people." If we radicals talk in jargon, if our discourse becomes a closed little universe for initiates only, then there's no hope of such a discourse encouraging "the people" to become the least bit interested in the struggle we advocate. That includes this essay. Even here I have made little attempt to carefully weigh my message so that it would be radical, visionary, yet also highly accessible to anyone not initiated to radical, visionary politics. I haven't done it, not because it can't be done or isn't urgently needed, but because I simply don't have that skill yet.
Another thing we can agree on, practically a mere corollary to the last: we must not do anything that isolates us from the majority of people. Why would we want to do that, and who benefits from it? It has been said that the first principle of the PR biz in defeating popular opposition to ruling class prerogatives is: Isolate the radicals. We must, on the contrary, do everything to enlarge our movement to include the broadest participation of the immense majority of people whose interests are disserved by the current world system. Clearly nothing less than such a massive participation -- greater than anything heretofore -- can effectively confront and defeat the forces arrayed against us.
I would maintain that this last point, in most cases, is a strong, practical argument for nonviolence. One of the surest ways for the powerful to isolate and demonize their radical opponents is to brand them as "violent," "irrational," and "lunatic." Having said this, people everywhere understand that there is a place for legitimate self defense. People everywhere will tend to honor and identify with principled and disciplined self defense. This requires much self discipline in resisting provocation. If our actions are motivated mainly by anger, this self discipline and restraint becomes difficult. This brings to mind another point also raised by Susan George: In Sun Tzu's _The Art of War_, the aspiring warrior is urged not to do "that which would be most gratifying to you in the moment," but always to do "that which your enemy would least like you to do." And, as a practical point, the scope for effective use of force in our movement is highly limited, when the forces of repression are so overwhelming and so exclusively at the disposal of our opponents. To fail to acknowledge this and act on this knowledge could be suicidal.
It should also be clear, that to the extent that our movement is greatly enlarged, it will yet further embolden those within it to take risks to bring about change. People must, as a matter of survival, constantly make a calculation, "Do the odds of this or that action effectively serving the cause of freedom for us all, outweigh the risks and costs to myself?" Few people have any desire to be martyrs, especially for a hopeless and ineffectual cause. But against this is balanced the fact that militant action can also embolden others. We cannot discourage everyone from taking on unusual risks, because some of those who do so, and succeed, become heroic examples that can advance our movement dramatically. And in a cynical age, we need heroes, so there's nothing wrong with that. It's a difficult problem fraught with danger, and we should never encourage martyrdom or egomania of any kind. And yet, we should recognize the fact that some people will be deeply inspired in a spiritual way to take unusual risks to advance our shared struggle.
Another point we ought to agree on: Different tactics and methods of organization are necessary for different groups, at different times and places.
I would argue that this militates strongly against the philosophy of "vanguardism," the idea that a revolutionary cadre should form a "party" and attempt to apply central direction, organization, and discipline to the rest of the movement.
Of what use would a revolution be that succeeded in overthrowing one ruling clique, only to supplant it with another? Every ruling group devises an ideological justification for its dominance. History is littered with revolutionary struggles that degenerated in just this way. "Vanguardists" sometimes make cogent arguments that, in the face of the overwhelming power of our opponents, which they have gained as small but well organized minorities, a similar level of organizational discipline is called for on our part. This is "our only force multiplier." (http://www.destroyimf.org). But while it is true that organization is key to success in every undertaking, particularly revolution, not one of us knows the secret to organizing a democratic revolution. By definition, such a thing must engage the energies of the majority of people. A revolution organized by a group operating on different principles than those of the new society it professes to fight for, and led by different people than the majority on whose behalf it claims to act, is a practical impossibility.
Armies might conceivably fight to protect democratic societies without themselves being organized in a democratic fashion, but only if they are subservient to an already existing democratically organized society. But the army that must fight for the democratic revolution we hope to bring about must be of an entirely different sort than the conventional authoritarian one, since the democratically organized society is what we are trying to bring about in the first place (and since it doesn't exist yet, an "undemocratic army" can't be subordinated to it! --QED). An undemocratic "vanguard" can only bring about an undemocratic state, since there's no mechanism to hold it accountable, whereas a democratic society must be self-actualizing, built from the beginning of the same stuff as it consists of at the end.
This brings us back to strategy -- and the need for humility. Since the democratic revolution that we are working for is in some ways unprecedented, there are no ready-made models at hand. Like any organism or ecological system, it is a spontaneously emergent order. And there is not a mind that can comprehend in its richness all the wonders, all the interconnections between all the parts of such a thing. Thus, in a certain sense, it is misleading to speak of "strategy." As with the growth and development of a seed or an embryo, it's not that there isn't an intricate, spontaneous order that arises, seemingly as if by some "plan." It's just that, while we can observe this order, and sometimes even usefully intervene at some points in it, we cannot plan it out in detail. No real human society, no human language, indeed, no complex phenomenon of any kind is every planned in this way.
Thus, we should reject the sclerotic ideological straitjackets that have enjoyed too much prestige for too long on the left. Our discourse and our methods of organization ought to be both radical yet practical. We should eschew jargon and dogma of every kind.
The great and fatal mistake of leftists inspired by Marx and Engles was in thinking that, because one could make a systematic analysis of the contradictions of capitalism, that therefore one could devise a systematic method of overthrowing capitalism and building a new society. It wasn't utopianism that killed hope for a democratic revolution, so much as the hubris of its planners.
Our challenge, then, is to imagine how a society could operate with many autonomous organizations at many levels, cooperating in a spontaneous, organic democracy, with no one giving the rest orders and expecting them to march in lockstep. This is the way every actual organic being functions. And as we imagine such spontaneous self ordering, we should look for ways to participate in bringing it about here and now, in our very movement. Fortunately, this is already in fact happening, and it is precisely in this way that a democratic revolution will be "built," and "built from the beginning of the same stuff as it consists of at the end."
by peter kropotkin
Thursday, Aug. 02, 2001 at 5:03 AM
you sure your not a social anarchist? you sure sound like one. nothing wrong with anarchists. viva la revolution.
by vincent bevins
Friday, Aug. 03, 2001 at 5:54 AM
surfloon@pacbell.net
who are you and what was your idea with this article? i mean, most of the ideas were good, but it seemed like you were trying to write a blueprint for all non capitalist governments ever, and not even specifically now, in the past as well. also, you seemed to have ignored the tons and tons of discourse written on these subjects, and have tried to do things over as if they never happened....why? what is this article? it covers enough to be 10 books.
by Guy Berliner
Friday, Aug. 03, 2001 at 3:18 PM
Who am I? I'm a citizen, like you or anyone else. I carry no other pretensions into this discussion, as is appropriate for a democratic discussion among equal citizens.
What is this? You're right about what it's not: this is not intended to be an exhaustive exegesis of post-industrialist, post-capitalist avant garde thought. I could have rambled on and on, made references to Paul Ray's demographic studies of "cultural creatives," or Ken Wilber's "integralism," Murray Bookchin's "social ecology," the "deconstruction" of Foucault, Derrida, Paul Feyerabend, the postmodern Marxism of Andre Gorz, Theodor Adorno, etc. I don't pretend to be a scholar of these subjects, but that hardly seems necessary, if what we're after is a public dialogue accessible to ordinary citizens. That's what I'm after, and this is intended as an opening shot to spur discussion. As such it's appropriately general and open-ended. I'm only after some very general principles and shared understandings.
by Atrek
Saturday, Aug. 04, 2001 at 12:07 AM
As long as people use inner motivation, you can TRUST them to do the right thing. Help & Teach your friends to follow their heart, and dispell their fears. That's what I do, and I don't need to collaborate with any other revolutionaries to work along side them. What are our common goals? Who cares, let's find out, when we achieve them. What's good for you is good for me too. See you in the moment.
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