{"article":{"id":267750,"heading":"Are Jewish students safe at the University of California?","author":"Tammi Rossman-Benjamin","created":"2015-03-26 23:16:49","modified":"2015-05-31 03:22:37","last_modified":"Sun, 31 May 2015 10:22:37","article":"

What is the campus climate like for Jewish students at the University of California? As the old Jewish joke goes: in one word, good; in two words, not good.

Let’s start with the good.

Last week, UC President Janet Napolitano and Board of Regents Chair Bruce Varner issued a strong statement condemning recent anti-Semitic incidents on UC campuses, which have included swastikas spray-painted on a Jewish fraternity house at UC Davis and the inappropriate questioning of a candidate for the student judiciary board about her Jewishness and Jewish affiliations at UCLA.

The Napolitano-Varner statement was issued on the heels of two other unprecedented responses to escalating anti-Semitic activity on UC campuses: the student senates at UCLA and UC Berkeley each unanimously approved resolutions condemning campus anti-Semitism.

Both resolutions invoked the U.S. State Department’s definition of anti-Semitism as a standard for identifying anti-Semitic activity. The world’s most authoritative and well-accepted formulation of contemporary forms of anti-Semitism, the State Department’s definition recognizes that anti-Semitism often “manifests itself with regard to the state of Israel” and can include language or behavior that “demonize[s] Israel” by “blaming Israel for all inter-religious or political tensions,” “delegitimize[s] Israel” by “denying Israel the right to exist” or applies “double standards by requiring of [Israel] a behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation.”

These three statements by UC officials and student leaders acknowledging and condemning the heretofore officially unacknowledged problem of anti-Semitism on UC campuses are all good, and the student resolutions invoking the State Department’s definition of anti-Semitism, which recognizes that certain expressions of animosity towards Israel are anti-Semitic, are very good indeed.

Now let’s turn to the not so good.

These commendable statements pay little, if any, attention to the enormous elephant in the room — the fact that the recent anti-Semitic incidents are directly related to the virulently anti-Israel Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) campaigns being promoted on UC campuses. For example, the swastikas drawn on the Jewish fraternity house at UC Davis appeared less than two days after a contentious vote in the student senate on an anti–Israel BDS resolution. Just after that vote, a student council member who had sponsored the divestment bill wrote on her Facebook page: “Israel will fall insha’Allah #UCDDivest”; and the four student senators who challenged the candidate for the judicial board because she was Jewish were sponsors and supporters of the most recent anti-Israel BDS bill at UCLA.

In fact, Jewish students on each of the UC campuses that have played host to BDS campaigns — Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz — have reported being the victims of anti-Semitic activity, including harassment, physical and verbal assault, threats, vilification, and discrimination; defacement and destruction of their property and the property of Jewish student organizations; and the disruption and shutting down of Jewish student events.

And it’s not just the BDS activity of anti-Israel students that has created a hostile environment for Jewish students on UC campuses. In a report of the campus climate for Jewish students at the University of California commissioned by former UC President Mark Yudof, Jewish students from seven UC campuses testified that one of the most distressing issues for them was the sponsorship of unambiguously anti-Zionist events by university departments and administrative offices. Since that report was issued in 2012, the problem has only gotten worse, with numerous departments and administrative offices on UC campuses sponsoring events which openly promote the boycott of Israel. Moreover, approximately 250 UC faculty members have endorsed a boycott of Israeli universities and scholars and more than 100 have publicly endorsed undergraduate and graduate students’ BDS campaigns, with many of these faculty using their classrooms and course curricula to promote BDS.

It should come as no surprise that BDS activity on UC campuses is linked to anti-Semitic behavior. Virtually every activity promoting BDS involves rhetoric that demonizes and delegitimizes Israel and holds it to an impossible double standard — exactly how the State Department defines anti-Semitism.

So while statements condemning swastikas and the rejection of a candidate for student government solely because she is Jewish are important and commendable, unless the direct relationship between BDS rhetoric and activity and anti-Semitism can be publicly acknowledged, these statements will do little to ameliorate the University of California’s “Jewish problem.” This will only happen when UC officials adopt the U.S. State Department’s definition of anti-Semitism, and charge campus administrators with using the definition to identify anti-Semitic behavior and respond to it with the same promptness and vigor as they do all other forms of racial, ethnic and gender bigotry and discrimination.

<\/p>\n","contact":"","link":"http:\/\/www.dailynews.com\/opinion\/20150326\/are-jewish-students-safe-at-the-university-of-california-yes-and-no-guest-commentary\/1","address":"","phone":"","parent_id":0,"mime_type":"text\/plain","summary":"Tammi Rossman-Benjamin is faculty at the University of California, Santa Cruz and cofounder and director of the AMCHA Initiative, a non-profit organization that combats campus anti-Semitism.","numcomment":55,"fileurl":"\/uploads\/","filesize":null,"article_url":"\/news\/2015\/03\/267750.php"},"attachments":[],"comments":[{"id":267759,"heading":"what next? are white students safe?","article":"What a lame post. There are thousands of Jewish students at UC.\r\n\r\nWhat next? "Are whites safe in America?"","author":"nobody","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-03-28 00:21:09","modified":"2015-03-28 00:21:09","fileurl":""},{"id":267776,"heading":"Universities punish bigotry \u2014 but not anti-Jewish bigotry","article":"A few weeks ago, the University of Oklahoma appropriately responded swiftly and strongly when members of a fraternity, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, sang anti-black chants that included the \u201cn\u201d word and references to lynching.\r\n\r\nThe university expelled two students and shut down the entire fraternity chapter, even though not all its members were involved in the incident. Similarly, colleges and universities are cracking down on hostile actions against women. For example, after members of Delta Kappa Epsilon chanted \u201cNo means yes\u201d on campus, Yale University banned the fraternity for five years.\r\n\r\nYes, these responses were tough, but they sent an important message not only to the wrongdoers and the university community, but also to society at large: that bigotry against African-Americans and women is repugnant and intolerable, and there will be harsh consequences for those who engage in it.\r\n\r\nWhy then, when it comes to campus bigotry against Jews, aren\u2019t university leaders sending the same strong message?\r\n\r\nThat message is long overdue. Anti-Semitism has been a serious problem on college campuses for years, and those of us who work with students are alarmed to see the problem growing. In 2006, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights held its first hearing on campus anti-Semitism. Based on evidence provided by the Zionist Organization of America and others, the commission found that college students were not only facing \u201ctraditional\u201d anti-Semitism \u2014 threats, derogatory remarks, vandalism and swastikas \u2014 they were also being subjected to anti-Israel and anti-Zionist propaganda that the commission distinguished from legitimate political discourse. The Commission rightly concluded that \u201c[a]nti-Semitic bigotry is no less morally deplorable when camouflaged as anti-Israelism or anti-Zionism.\u201d\r\n\r\nA study released last month showed that of 1,157 Jewish students surveyed at 55 university and four-year college campuses, more than half reported having been subject to or witnessing anti-Semitism on their campus. Importantly, the survey was conducted in March-April 2014, before last summer\u2019s Hamas war against Israel, which led to a frightening rise in anti-Semitism around the world.\r\n\r\nThe Civil Rights Commission\u2019s findings and the recent survey corroborate the reports we have been receiving for years from Jewish college students across the country, some of whom have reported not only being harassed, intimidated, and discriminated against, but also physically threatened and assaulted. At Rutgers University, for example, a Jewish student was terrorized on Facebook by another student who threatened to \u201cbeat\u201d him \u201cwith a crowbar.\u201d Shockingly, a Rutgers employee publicly disparaged the same Jewish student, calling him \u201cthat racist Zionist pig!!!!!!!!\u201d and directing others to go to a special Facebook hate page about him, apparently so that they could read and post their own hateful messages. That employee also charged at the Jewish student, trying to provoke a fight. And she started a petition to have him removed as a student paper columnist, simply because she did not like his pro-Israel views. University officials did not punish either wrongdoer, and the employee is still working at Rutgers to this day! Why?\r\n\r\nAt UC Berkeley, a Jewish student was holding a sign that said \u201cIsrael Wants Peace,\u201d when she was rammed from behind with a filled shopping cart; she suffered injuries that required medical attention. Her attacker had a history of threatening and assaultive behavior, but the university let him off the hook and merely put him on probation, which allowed him to remain on campus and continue to terrify his victim. Why?\r\n\r\nRecently, when four members of the UCLA student government challenged a student\u2019s fitness to serve on the judicial board simply because she was Jewish and affiliated with the Jewish community, those student government members were not sanctioned and they kept their leadership positions. Why?\r\n\r\nColleges and universities that receive federal funding \u2014 and almost all do \u2014 have the legal obligation under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act to provide Jewish students with a non-hostile environment that is conducive to learning. This is the same law that protects African-American students from a racist learning environment. Indeed, in expelling the two students last week, the president of the University of Oklahoma told them that it was \u201cbecause of your leadership role in leading a racist and exclusionary chant which has created a hostile educational environment for others.\u201d This president appreciated that even a chant could impair students\u2019 physical and psychological safety and well-being, and thus could not be tolerated.\r\n\r\nCertainly physical threats, physical assaults, and discrimination targeting specific Jewish students, like those at Rutgers, UC Berkeley, and UCLA, would have the same, if not a greater, harmful impact. On some campuses, Jewish students have had to endure other expressions of anti-Semitic bigotry \u2014 being shouted at, called baby-killers, Nazis, and Zionist pigs, and hearing Jews being compared to Satan. It is time for university officials to step up to the plate and crack down hard on campus anti-Semitism, in the same way that they are responding to bigotry against African-Americans, women, Latinos and gays. When anti-Jewish bigots create a hostile environment for Jewish students, they must be held accountable and punished, just like the anti-black bigots at the University of Oklahoma were","author":"Susan B. Tuchman","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-03-29 13:44:47","modified":"2015-03-29 13:44:47","fileurl":""},{"id":267897,"heading":"what the zionists really want","article":" What these people whining about criticism or condemnation of Zionist colonialism want is a ban on all campus discourse that does not toe the zionist line - the Arabs left Palestine voluntarily, "armies" (often consisting of a few hundred troops armed with ancient weapons) invaded the "Jewish homeland" and were driven out by heroic zionists flying Nazi warplanes, and similar swill. Sorry, but the McCarthy Era is over and the voice of dissent will not be silenced. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-11 04:19:43","modified":"2015-04-11 04:19:43","fileurl":""},{"id":267903,"heading":"No Qite","article":"No, I think its that Jews don't want to be attacked, physically, verbally, or academically for standing up for their beliefs","author":"Raychul baychul","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-13 00:20:12","modified":"2015-04-13 00:20:12","fileurl":""},{"id":267910,"heading":"attacks","article":" If Jews were being attacked in these ways on any local campus the local press and media would have massive coverage of the events. You mistake attacks on zionism as an ideology for attacks on Jews as people. It is the old anti-zionism equals anti-semitism routine. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-14 17:15:10","modified":"2015-04-14 17:15:10","fileurl":""},{"id":267912,"heading":"mainstream media is controlled by the Saudis","article":"The mainstream media is controlled by Saudi money. Jews are persona non grata in their world","author":"ha!","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-15 05:48:58","modified":"2015-04-15 05:48:58","fileurl":""},{"id":267917,"heading":"Saudis in control","article":" And space aliens have underground bases in the Mojave Desert. And the Inca Empire was founded by refugees from Atlantis.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-16 03:52:52","modified":"2015-04-16 03:52:52","fileurl":""},{"id":267918,"heading":"Saudis in control","article":" And space aliens have underground bases in the Mojave Desert. And the Inca Empire was founded by refugees from Atlantis.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-16 03:52:55","modified":"2015-04-16 03:52:55","fileurl":""},{"id":267926,"heading":"imbeciles on parade","article":""Sorry, but the McCarthy Era is over"\r\n\r\nThat's one of the most breathtakingly idiotic things I've ever read here. McCarthyism is alive and well in the Diversity movement and on the campuses of lower learning, where a racist or bigot or homophobe or sexist or nationalist is found under every rock.\r\n\r\nThere's a laundry list of other epithets from the largest Hate group on the planet, but you get the idea.","author":"underprivileged white male","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-17 12:06:56","modified":"2015-04-18 04:18:28","fileurl":""},{"id":267929,"heading":"remedy","article":" Since you suggest no remedy for your oppression, dear underpriveleged white male, I guess you have in mind something like letting Marvin Dershowitz and his buddies have veto power over what books professors assign to their students and what they are able to say in class.\r\n I have a better one: why don't you enroll at some school where no criticism of zionism is allowed at all. Two good choices would be the West Point Military Acadamy or Bob Jones University. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-18 03:24:26","modified":"2015-04-18 03:24:26","fileurl":""},{"id":267930,"heading":"Nazis on parade","article":""oppression"\r\n\r\nJust another dime store slogan from the uneducated terrorist fellators who put Ward Churchill and the like on pedestals.\r\n\r\nPut the barrel in your mouth and pull the trigger, oppressive Nazi.","author":"not a brown shirt","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-18 04:17:45","modified":"2015-04-18 15:59:07","fileurl":""},{"id":267932,"heading":"not a brownshirt","article":"Not a brownshirt, but willing to insult gays and take a shot at Ward Churchill,as well as scoff at the idea that there are oppressed people in the world.I suspect that you are an oppressor wannabe, or perhaps the scion of an oppressor family.People can make up their own minds about why a person with attitudes like that would be attracted to zionism.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-19 02:03:49","modified":"2015-04-19 02:03:49","fileurl":""},{"id":267933,"heading":"You misread","article":"You are conflating Zionism with Judaism. Jewish students are facing harassment, for their religion, not for their politics.","author":"Plitvik","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-19 08:27:19","modified":"2015-04-19 08:27:19","fileurl":""},{"id":267934,"heading":"imbeciles on parade","article":"I got lost at the "insulted gays" slogan. Or was it the Churchill drool?","author":"laughing man","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-19 15:34:55","modified":"2015-04-19 15:34:55","fileurl":""},{"id":267935,"heading":"except anti-Zionism is anti-Semitism","article":"BDS and campus anti-Israel activists actively promote the belief that Jews have fewer rights than other people. If that isn't anti-Jewish, what is?","author":"Karla","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-19 17:19:06","modified":"2015-04-19 17:19:06","fileurl":""},{"id":267941,"heading":"Holocaust Remembrance and the New Anti-Semitism","article":"Important piece by Rabbi Robert Kaplan: "Make no mistake about it, today\u2019s Israel bashing is nothing less than anti-Jewish. Not only does this form of anti-Jewish activity take place in countries around the world such as France and Belgium but it is growing right here in the United States."\r\n\r\nMake no mistake about it, today\u2019s Israel bashing is nothing less than anti-Jewish. Not only does this form of anti-Jewish activity take place in countries around the world such as France and Belgium but it is growing right here in the United States. \u201cThe Algemeiner\u201d newspaper (4\/15\/15) reports a study that shows \u201can unprecedented 400% rise in anti-Semitic incidents in 2014. In the United States, the main growth came in the form of anti-Israel activity on college campuses across the country which had anti-Semitic overtones.\u201d (Emphasis is mine) Quoting the ADL\u2019s survey conducted last year across 102 countries with more than 50 thousand participants, \u201cThe Algemeiner\u201d reports \u201c that one in four people holds anti-Semitic beliefs or views and when it came to Holocaust denial, two-thirds of the world\u2019s population did not know about the Holocaust or flat out denied its occurrence.\u201d","author":"Rabbi Robert Kaplan:","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-19 23:27:50","modified":"2015-04-19 23:27:50","fileurl":""},{"id":267947,"heading":"Who is Rabbi Robert Kaplan and why should we care?","article":"Rabbi Kaplan's contribution is a perfect example of circular reasoning. He knows that anti-zionism is the same as anti-semitism because he knows (for unspecified reasons) that anti-zionist demonstrations are also anti-semitic. Therefore, by his logic, anti-zionism is the same as anti-semitism. Logic like this would have earned him an F in freshman level introduction to philosophy. Maybe he is a graduate of Bob Jones University.","author":"Meyer London idVer:204ec8e5c4d091a216cf9b","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-21 01:23:37","modified":"2015-04-21 01:23:37","fileurl":""},{"id":267948,"heading":"No- I get it","article":"Anti-Zionism is anti-Semitism because it deprives the Jewish people of the right of self determination- a right that belongs to all. \r\n\r\nIf you believe Jews deserve less rights than other people, it makes you an anti-Semite\r\n\r\nExcellent explanation here:\r\nAnti-Zionism is Racism\r\nhttp:\/\/www.zionismontheweb.org\/Anti-Zionism_is_racism.htm","author":"anti-zionism is anti-Semitism","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-21 01:50:38","modified":"2015-04-21 01:50:38","fileurl":""},{"id":267949,"heading":"land theft and murder as self determination","article":" No people, or fraction of a people, has the right to travel to a different continent, seize land from people who have already been living there for centuries while killing many of them in the process and proclaim the resulting pirate entity a state exempt from all moral condemnation and political opposition because of "self determination." That is what European and American Jews, with the backing of western imperialism, did in 1948. Your own racism and western chauvinism are revealed by the very fact that you make such a juvenile and downright stupid argument.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-21 04:12:29","modified":"2015-04-21 04:12:29","fileurl":""},{"id":267950,"heading":"Missing the point","article":"The Jews are the indigenous inhabitants. The Arabs are the colonialists.\r\n\r\nJews are from Judea, Arabs are from Arabia, remember?","author":"Missing the point","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","created":"2015-04-21 05:47:43","modified":"2015-04-21 05:47:43","fileurl":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/04\/awkward.jpg","image":{"original":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/04\/awkward.jpg"}},{"id":267954,"heading":"outstanding graphic","article":"Outstanding graphic.","author":"laughing man","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-21 15:32:49","modified":"2015-04-21 15:32:49","fileurl":""},{"id":267961,"heading":"wonderful graphic","article":"o To bad it does not contain Milwaukee, where Golda Meir came from. It does not contain New Jersey or Chicago, where many of the illegal settlement pioneers hail from, either.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-22 03:56:27","modified":"2015-04-22 03:56:27","fileurl":""},{"id":267962,"heading":"Sheepdog clone","article":"Looks as if you guys have another mindless Sheepdog clone, who sits at the computer all day and mumbles like a schizophrenic.\r\n\r\nIs that all the left has for the front lines? You recruit from mental institutions?\r\n\r\nDidn't nessie teach you anything? ","author":"laughing man","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-22 11:53:03","modified":"2015-04-27 03:08:57","fileurl":""},{"id":267967,"heading":"daily laughs","article":" The real laughs come from seeing the same arguments every day, apparantly made in the expectation that they will receive a better reception this time than they did the last. Like: Political anti-zionism is the same as anti-semitism.Students and faculty and staff at universities have no right to hold anti-zionist demonstrations or even to verbally oppose zionism, Jewish students at many California schools fear for their safety because many people on campus don't like zionism. Bible stories are a good excuse to kill people and steal their land. People from Milwaukee or Cincinnati, if they have the right racial or religious background, should be able to enter Israel and become citizens but Arabs whose families were expelled in 1948 should not. Really funny stuff, except maybe for the victims.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-23 03:04:17","modified":"2015-04-23 03:04:17","fileurl":""},{"id":267968,"heading":"daily laughs","article":" The real laughs come from seeing the same arguments every day, apparantly made in the expectation that they will receive a better reception this time than they did the last. Like: Political anti-zionism is the same as anti-semitism.Students and faculty and staff at universities have no right to hold anti-zionist demonstrations or even to verbally oppose zionism, Jewish students at many California schools fear for their safety because many people on campus don't like zionism. Bible stories are a good excuse to kill people and steal their land. People from Milwaukee or Cincinnati, if they have the right racial or religious background, should be able to enter Israel and become citizens but Arabs whose families were expelled in 1948 should not. Really funny stuff, except maybe for the victims.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-23 03:04:20","modified":"2015-04-23 03:04:20","fileurl":""},{"id":267969,"heading":"So?","article":"Like it or not, all nations have the right to restrict immigration. Israel is no exception.","author":"So?","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-23 07:03:48","modified":"2015-04-23 13:49:59","fileurl":""},{"id":267972,"heading":"restrictions","article":"Too bad the Palestinians didn't have the ability to restrict the immigration of gun-toting thugs like Begin and Shamir .","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-24 03:42:39","modified":"2015-04-24 03:42:39","fileurl":""},{"id":267975,"heading":"There were no Pals then","article":"There were no "Palestinians", then. Palestinians didn't become a people until the 1960's. Their are no historical records of an Arab Palestinian people, only a Jewish Palestinian people","author":"Jen","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-24 15:15:40","modified":"2015-04-24 15:15:40","fileurl":""},{"id":267977,"heading":"Arabs in Palestine","article":" Mark Twain visited Palestine in the late 19th century, and described it in his non-fiction classic Innocents Abroad. He depicts it as inhabited by Arab peasants and bedouins, who were ruled, of course, by Turkish officials. Twain makes no mention of any Jews at all.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-04-25 03:37:04","modified":"2015-04-25 03:37:04","fileurl":""},{"id":268055,"heading":"Twain mentions Israel","article":""Renowned Jerusalem itself, the stateliest name in history, has lost all its ancient grandeur, and is become a pauper village; the riches of Solomon are no longer there to compel the admiration of visiting Oriental queens; the wonderful temple which was the pride and the glory of Israel, is gone"\r\n\r\n\r\nThat took about 3 minutes. Need more?","author":"Fail","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-03 02:40:03","modified":"2015-05-03 02:40:03","fileurl":""},{"id":268056,"heading":"One more minute","article":"The population of Jerusalem is composed of Moslems, Jews, Greeks, Latins, Armenians, Syrians, Copts, Abyssinians, Greek Catholics, and a handful of Protestants. ...\r\n\r\nHere are five thousand Jews in blue gabardines, sashes about their waists, slippers upon their feet, little skullcaps upon the backs of their heads, hair combed down on the forehead, and cut straight across the middle of it from side to side....\r\n\r\n\r\nReady to say "Uncle", loser, who clearly never read this book","author":"Fail","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-03 02:44:37","modified":"2015-05-03 02:44:37","fileurl":""},{"id":268061,"heading":"Jews in Israel","article":" Most of the peoples you mention formed a floating population of foreign traders, including the Jews. As you point out, it was a \r\ngod-forsaken place with no organic connection to the almost entirely agricultural area of Palestine, which was solidly Arab. Are you implying that this tiny grouplet of Jews justified the later zionist claim to most of the country? Nonsense. Why would Twain devote one sentence to mentioning Jews (among a whole host of other foreigners) if he thought they were a significant part of Palestine's people?","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-03 04:05:07","modified":"2015-05-03 04:05:07","fileurl":""},{"id":268062,"heading":"Fail","article":" Your claim was "Twain makes no mention of any Jews at all."\r\n\r\nYou've clearly not read the book.","author":"Fail","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-03 04:21:34","modified":"2015-05-03 04:21:34","fileurl":""},{"id":268063,"heading":"Jewish Claim to Israel","article":"The Jewish claim to this land is premised on many factors.\r\n\r\nResidency of 3500 years.\r\nStrong cultural\/religious ties to the land\r\nSweat equity- they built this land\r\nLegal- granted to them in the treaty of St Remo\r\n\r\nNOTE: the Palestinians have none of these factors. They did not create a country and infrastructure when they did live there. They have no religious authority to be in Israel. Jerusalem is not mentioned ONCE in the Koran!! \r\n","author":"Schtarker Yid","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-03 05:58:31","modified":"2015-05-03 05:58:31","fileurl":""},{"id":268075,"heading":"religious myths as justifications for imperialist theft","article":" Jerusalem is not mentioned in the Five Books of Moses, either. So what? Bible stories and other religious mumbo-jumbo cannot be used to justify the 20th or 21st century theft of other people's land - at least by any sane person. And the city is indeed sacred to Muslims; it contains the Dome of the Rock, a structure so revered that only the ultras among zionist religious fanatics have dared to argue that it be destroyed.As for building up the country, that is a classic imperialist excuse for land theft - in fact, both the Helenistic Greeks and the Romans used it as a justification for conquering Judea and Samaria.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-04 04:38:50","modified":"2015-05-04 04:38:50","fileurl":""},{"id":268076,"heading":"religious myths as justifications for imperialist theft","article":" Jerusalem is not mentioned in the Five Books of Moses, either. So what? Bible stories and other religious mumbo-jumbo cannot be used to justify the 20th or 21st century theft of other people's land - at least by any sane person. And the city is indeed sacred to Muslims; it contains the Dome of the Rock, a structure so revered that only the ultras among zionist religious fanatics have dared to argue that it be destroyed.As for building up the country, that is a classic imperialist excuse for land theft - in fact, both the Helenistic Greeks and the Romans used it as a justification for conquering Judea and Samaria.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-04 04:38:53","modified":"2015-05-04 04:38:53","fileurl":""},{"id":268077,"heading":"religious myths as justifications for imperialist theft","article":" Jerusalem is not mentioned in the Five Books of Moses, either. So what? Bible stories and other religious mumbo-jumbo cannot be used to justify the 20th or 21st century theft of other people's land - at least by any sane person. And the city is indeed sacred to Muslims; it contains the Dome of the Rock, a structure so revered that only the ultras among zionist religious fanatics have dared to argue that it be destroyed.As for building up the country, that is a classic imperialist excuse for land theft - in fact, both the Helenistic Greeks and the Romans used it as a justification for conquering Judea and Samaria.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-04 04:38:56","modified":"2015-05-04 04:38:56","fileurl":""},{"id":268078,"heading":"Asked and Answered","article":"Jerusalem is mentioned many hundreds of times in the Jewish Bible. As for the Chumash (Five Books of Moses), it is true that the word "Jerusalem" does not appear there. Most simply, this is because it was not yet called Jerusalem.\r\n\r\nUnder Jebusite rule and earlier, Jerusalem was divided into two cities, the western part called Jeru (Yere) and the eastern part called Salem (Shalem). Both of these names do appear in the Five Books: "And Malki-Tzedek, King of Shalem" (Genesis 14:18). "And Abraham called that place...Yere" (Genesis 21:14).\r\n\r\nAround the time of Joshua's conquest, the Amorites consolidated the two halves of the city, and they combined the two names: Jeru-salem. From this point on in history, our Bible refers to Jerusalem countless times.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, the Chumash refers 19 times to "the place that G-d will choose" as the center for Jewish life and religion (e.g. Deuteronomy 12:11, 14, etc.) The Prophets Shmuel and Gad finally reveal to King David that this chosen place is Jerusalem and the Temple Mount.\r\n\r\nSo here's another reason Jerusalem isn't mentioned explicitly in the Chumash as the holy city: It hadn't yet been revealed as such. Maimonides, writing around 800 years ago, offers three reasons that the Chumash does not reveal the identity of the holy city:\r\n\r\nIf the nations had learned that this place would express the highest Jewish ideals, they would have united in an effort to occupy and prevent the Jews from ever controlling it. (Sound familiar?)\r\nIf they had known of Jerusalem's spiritual stature, they may have tried to take advantage of its spiritual nature by making it into a center of idol worship.\r\nEach of the twelve tribes would have desired to have Jerusalem in their borders, and this would lead to disunity.\r\nOnce the Jews had conquered and divided the land, the above ceased to be considerations.\r\n\r\nSo, in conclusion, Jerusalem played a prominent part in Jewish history and writings more than two thousand years before Islam's rise and the writing of the Koran, which makes no mention of Jerusalem.\r\n\r\nSource:\r\nJerusalem, Eye of the Universe by Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan","author":"Jerusalem","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-04 05:45:25","modified":"2015-05-04 05:45:25","fileurl":""},{"id":268114,"heading":"Palestine","article":" None of this changes the fact that Palestine was Arab for hundreds of years - from early in the Middle Ages until 1948, when most of the Arab population was brutally expelled in an ethnic cleansing operation led in part by religious fanatics and outright fascists.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-07 04:13:15","modified":"2015-05-07 04:13:15","fileurl":""},{"id":268115,"heading":"Palestine","article":" None of this changes the fact that Palestine was Arab for hundreds of years - from early in the Middle Ages until 1948, when most of the Arab population was brutally expelled in an ethnic cleansing operation led in part by religious fanatics and outright fascists.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-07 04:13:19","modified":"2015-05-07 04:13:19","fileurl":""},{"id":268128,"heading":"Arabs were the colonial invaders","article":"The Arabs were the colonial invaders. Not the indigenous people. Glad we both agree","author":"Arabs were the colonial invaders","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","created":"2015-05-08 05:03:45","modified":"2015-05-09 18:20:58","fileurl":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/05\/awkward.jpg","image":{"original":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/05\/awkward.jpg"}},{"id":268154,"heading":"We don't agree on anything.","article":" The indigenous inhabitants were the Canaanites or whoever lived there before them. The Arabs did not drive the Jews out of Palestine; this was done by the Romans hundreds of years earlier. At the time of the Arab conquest, Palestine was part of the Byzantine Empire and most of its inhabitants were probably Greek-speaking Christians, whose descendants were probably gradually converted to Islam and became absorbed into what became the Palestinian people.","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-10 04:29:40","modified":"2015-05-10 04:29:40","fileurl":""},{"id":268157,"heading":"The Arabs are the colonial invaders","article":"That's an admission that the Jews were there before the "Palestinians." My work here is done","author":"ARabs are the colonial invaders","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-10 13:50:31","modified":"2015-05-10 13:50:31","fileurl":""},{"id":268159,"heading":"Jews were indigeneous","article":"The Jews were there well before the 1960's era invention of the Palestinian people.\r\n\r\nFrom Ryan Bellerose, a Native American activist, on the definition of "Indigenous" \r\n\r\nTo begin, let us acknowledge that there is no rule that a land can have only one indigenous people; it is not a zero sum game in which one group must be considered indigenous so that therefore another is not. However, there is a very clear guideline to being an indigenous people. It is somewhat complex but can be boiled down to the checklist below, as developed by anthropologist Jos\u00e9 R. Mart\u00ednez-Cobo (former special rapporteur of the Sub-commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities for the United Nations).\r\nThis list was developed because indigenous rights are beginning to be respected across the planet. This recognition is incredibly important, so we as indigenous people cannot allow non-indigenous people to make false claims, which ultimately would harm our own rights. Israel is the world\u2019s first modern indigenous state: the creation and declaration of the sovereign nation of Israel marks the first time in history that an indigenous people has managed to regain control of its ancestral lands and build a nation state. As such, this is incredibly important for indigenous people both to recognise and to support as a great example for our peoples to emulate.\r\nThe actual working definition of \u201cindigenous people,\u201d (not the Wikipedia version, nor Merriam Webster, both more suited to plants and animals) for purposes of this essay is that developed by aforementioned anthropologist Jos\u00e9 R. Mart\u00ednez-Cobo. With this as my foundation, I will detail why Jews are indigenous to Israel, and why Palestinians are not.\r\nMartinez-Cobo\u2019s research suggests that indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing on those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal system.\r\nThis historical continuity may consist of the continuation, for an extended period reaching into the present of one or more of the following factors:\r\nOccupation of ancestral lands, or at least of part of them\r\nCommon ancestry with the original occupants of these lands\r\nCulture in general, or in specific manifestations (such as religion, living under a tribal system, membership of an indigenous community, dress, means of livelihood, lifestyle, etc.)\r\nLanguage (whether used as the only language, as mother-tongue, as the habitual means of communication at home or in the family, or as the main, preferred, habitual, general or normal language)\r\nResidence in certain parts of the country, or in certain regions of the world\r\nReligion that places importance on spiritual ties to the ancestral lands\r\nBlood quantum \u2013 that is, the amount of blood you carry of a specific people to identify as that people. The concept was developed by colonialists in order to eventually breed out native peoples.\r\nLet us now look quickly at the Jews. How do they fit this definition?\r\nTheir lands were occupied, first by the Romans, then by the Arabs in the seventh century.\r\nThey share common ancestry with previous occupants as determined by several genetic studies.\r\nTheir culture can be traced directly to the Levant, where it developed into what is now known as \u201cJewish culture.\u201d While different Jewish communities have slightly different traditions, they all share the same root culture, and it remains unchanged. They have resurrected their traditional language, and while many still speak Yiddish and Ladino, Hebrew has become the primary language again.\r\nThey have spiritual ties to the land, which plays a large role in their traditions as a people.\r\nDespite all the arguments about \u201cEuropean\u201d Jews, they in fact meet all the criteria set forth by Mart\u00ednez-Cobo. Even though Israel is the first modern indigenous state, it still has lands that are occupied by foreigners in Judea and Samaria. Those are ancestral lands and, many feel that they should be returned to the indigenous peoples for self-determination.","author":"Jews were indigeneous","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","created":"2015-05-10 15:28:12","modified":"2015-05-10 15:28:12","fileurl":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/05\/israel_now_then_forever.jpg","image":{"original":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/05\/israel_now_then_forever.jpg"}},{"id":268161,"heading":"Palestinian Surnames","article":"If you look at the most common Palestinian surnames. its readily apparently that they are from elsewhere","author":"Palestinian Surnames","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","created":"2015-05-10 17:13:32","modified":"2015-05-10 17:13:32","fileurl":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/05\/palestinian_surnames.jpg","image":{"original":"http:\/\/la.indymedia.org\/\/uploads\/2015\/05\/palestinian_surnames.jpg"}},{"id":268166,"heading":"Ancestors","article":"So what if some Palestinians have names indicating that their ancestors came from somewhere else a long time ago? It may have been 900 years ago, when the ancestors of most zionists were living in Poland or Germany. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-11 04:04:48","modified":"2015-05-11 04:04:48","fileurl":""},{"id":268167,"heading":"Ancestors","article":"So what if some Palestinians have names indicating that their ancestors came from somewhere else a long time ago? It may have been 900 years ago, when the ancestors of most zionists were living in Poland or Germany. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-11 04:04:54","modified":"2015-05-11 04:04:54","fileurl":""},{"id":268168,"heading":"author's residence","article":" Where did this Martinez-Cobo write his magnum opus, anyway. It looks like something dreamed up in a psychiatric hospital. In any event, it would be extremely difficult to make the argument that European Jews are direct biological descendants of ancient Hebrews. Their complexions are, er, a little light. And why do so many have blue eyes or light brown or downright blonde hair? Could it be that they have a tiny amount of semitic DNA inherited from some single male Jew who went off to the wilds of Europe hundreds or even thousands of years ago and married a slavic or germanic woman? A travelling trader, in other words. Sort of the way Chinese Jews look like other Chinese people and Indian Jews look like other Indians?","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-11 04:30:43","modified":"2015-05-11 04:30:43","fileurl":""},{"id":268169,"heading":"definition of Indigeneous","article":"Jos\u00e9 R. Mart\u00ednez-Cobo was the former special rapporteur of the Sub-commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities for the United Nations . He is from Ecuador ","author":"FYI","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-11 05:25:13","modified":"2015-05-11 05:25:13","fileurl":""},{"id":268190,"heading":"Martinez-Cobo","article":" I don't care what his official titles are; he still seems like a crack-pot to me. Don't hold your breath until the people expelled from Palestine in 1948 or their families accept him as an arbitrator who decides whether they can return to their homeland. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-12 04:03:27","modified":"2015-05-12 04:03:27","fileurl":""},{"id":268241,"heading":"Its getting worse on campus","article":" Swastikas have been display on at least 14 campuses so far this year including:\r\n\r\nStanford\r\nNorthwestern\r\nThe University of Missouri\r\nFramingham State University\r\nFarleigh Dickinson\r\nNortheastern\r\nTufts\r\nSUNY Purchase College\r\nUC-Berkeley\r\nGeorge Washington University\r\nVanderbilt\r\nCUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice\r\nCleveland State University\r\nUC-Davis","author":"Pollax","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-17 04:51:53","modified":"2015-05-17 04:51:53","fileurl":""},{"id":268242,"heading":"Its actually worse than that","article":"This is the full list- but remember- many incidents go unreported.\r\n\r\nMAY 15, 2015 \u2013 DREXEL UNIVERSITY \u2013 A Jewish student at Drexel discovered a swastika and the word \u201cJew\u201d written near an Israeli flag displayed outside his dorm room earlier this week.\r\nApril 2015 \u2013 STANFORD UNIVERSITY \u2013 The Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity house was spray-painted with swastikas on Saturday night, April 25, 2015.\r\nApril 2015 \u2013 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY \u2013 A swastika was found in the men\u2019s fourth-floor restroom at University Library on April 11. The graffiti was written in pencil and the police were able to remove it. Two more incidents were later discovered when police investigated the first incident. University Police Deputy Chief Dan McAleer said police found a swastika drawn in pencil in a third floor study room. Police also found a Star of David drawn in ink pen on the walls of a different third-floor study room. McAleer said the image might have previously been a swastika.\r\nApril 2015 \u2013 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI\u2013 Two consecutive incidents of antisemitism: a swastika, the Illuminati symbol, and the word \u201cheil\u201d were drawn in ash on the wall on April 9. The graffiti was cleaned from the wall that day by residential life staff members. On the evening of April 10, another swastika and the words \u201cYou\u2019ve been warned\u201d were discovered in the same area.\r\nApril 2015 \u2013 FRAMINGHAM STATE UNIVERSITY \u2013 A swastika was keyed into a car of a student. This is the second swastika incident in the school year (other incident was December 2014).\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 FARLEIGH DICKINSON UNIVERSITY \u2013 In a Jewish Link New Jersey article describing how the only Israeli flag on campus was torn, the author notes an email in which one person exclaimed, \u201cJust to add to the overall picture of bias crimes on campus, last week, I found a swastika drawn on the bulletin board outside my office in Bancroft Hall\u2014yet again.\u201d\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were drawn on a dry-erase board in the common space of the International Village dorm. President Joseph Aoun wrote in an email to students, \u201cI condemn this hateful act of anti-Semitism in the strongest possible terms.\u201d\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 TUFTS UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were found on several cars at a fraternity house on campus on Packard Avenue. This is the fourth antisemitic incident at the university in less than two years.\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 SUNY PURCHASE COLLEGE \u2013 Multiple swastikas were painted in a SUNY Purchase College dorm room. According to a Hillel email, \u201cthe vandalism was [on] doors and a stairwell. Within 12 hours, university President Thomas Schwarz issued a statement reiterating that \u2018prejudice of any form has no place in our community.'\u201d\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 UC BERKELEY \u2013 Swastikas are common at UC Berkeley as a student explains, \u201cWe still find anti-Semitic slogans written on bathrooms. We see swastikas on doors still, but they\u2019re kind of dismissed. They\u2019re painted over because there are just so many things that happened. A lot of students find swastikas and come to me. [They see it] on dorms, on bathroom stalls, just random places on campus.\u201d\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY \u2013 Another posting of a swastika was found at International House, this time on the bulletin board of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity.\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY \u2013 Two swastikas were spray-painted in the elevator of the Tau Chapter of Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity house, and another swastika was painted on a basement door.\r\nMarch 2015 \u2013 CUNY JOHN JAY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE \u2013 Swastikas were scrawled in bathrooms and in a classroom\r\nFebruary 2015 \u2013 CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were drawn on the university\u2019s Main Classroom building, coinciding with scribbling on Israel in the defacing of a world map on the first floor.\r\nFebruary 2015 \u2013 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY \u2013 Three swastikas were drawn on the floor of a residence hall, International House, where members of the historically Jewish sorority Alpha Epsilon Phi, resided.\r\nFebruary 2015 \u2013 UC BERKELEY \u2013 On February 4, a swastika was found graffitied on a university-owned building on University Avenue.\r\nJanuary 2015 \u2013 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS \u2013 A Jewish fraternity, Alpha Epsilon Pi, was defaced with swastikas on Shabbat.\r\nDecember 2014 \u2013 FRAMINGHAM UNIVERSITY \u2013 A swastika was found carved into a student\u2019s door at Horace Mann Hall.\r\nDecember 2014 \u2013 TUFTS UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were found spray-painted on a Tufts University building for the third time in nearly two years. Local youths were eventually found to have caused this incident. The suspect were eventually caught and tried in juvenile court.\r\nNovember 2014 \u2013 EMERSON COLLEGE \u2013 In three separate occasions, swastikas appeared. A swastika was found scrawled on a bulletin board. Another swastika was discovered the following week, followed the next day by swastikas found scrawled on the door jams of every residential floor laundry room with the word \u201cheil\u201d accompanying one of the swastikas.\r\nNovember 2014 \u2013 NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were drawn on two fliers posted on campus to publicize a lecture by an Israeli military official. President Aoun sent a strong letter to the community which stated, \u201cLet there be no doubt: we have absolutely no tolerance for anti-Semitism, prejudice, and hate crimes of any kind, including this incident. The Northeastern University Police Department is in possession of evidence related to this act and is actively investigating the case.\u201d\r\nOctober 2014 \u2013 KEAN UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were drawn outside a Jewish student\u2019s dorm room door.\r\nOctober 2014 \u2013 UC BERKELEY \u2013 On October 14, a swastika was found on the exterior of a campus building.\r\nOctober 2014 \u2013 YALE UNIVERSITY \u2013 Three swastikas were chalked on the sidewalk outside of Durfee Hall on the Old Campus.\r\nOctober 2014 \u2013 EMORY UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were spray painted on the front of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity house. Swastikas were also found spray painted on a stone wall outside of the Kappa Alpha fraternity house after the end of the Jewish holy holiday, Yom Kippur.\r\nSeptember 2014 \u2013 EMORY UNIVERSITY \u2013 Swastikas were found on Emory\u2019s Robert W. Woodruff Library.\r\nSeptember 2014 \u2013 EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY \u2013 A swastika was painted on the door of a Greenville apartment housing a Jewish student.\r\nJuly 2014 \u2013 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON \u2013 Mailboxes at a Jewish fraternity, Alpha Epsilon Pi, were spray painted with swastikas.\r\nApril 2014 \u2013 UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA \u2013 Nearly a dozen swastikas were found carved into the walls of an off-campus housing apartment complex housing students right near the university.\r\nJanuary 2014 \u2013 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY \u2013 a swastika was scratched into a student\u2019s car in what university police labeled a hate crime.","author":"AMCHA initiative","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-17 05:16:54","modified":"2015-05-17 05:16:54","fileurl":""},{"id":268259,"heading":"swastika nuts","article":"Oddballs scrawling swastikas on Jewish buildings or doors have been around since the 1930's - long before Israel existed. What has that to do with the progressive movement to support Palestinian rights ? And I notice that UCLA does not show up much on these lists. Why don't you transfer to Framingham State so you can more easily convince yourself that you are a victim? You might even meet Tom Brady on his annual spring visit and get his autograph. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-19 03:03:35","modified":"2015-05-19 03:03:35","fileurl":""},{"id":268271,"heading":"Just wondering","article":"Would you be as dismissive of crosses being burnt in the lawns of African Americans?\r\n\r\nWhy is antisemitism the only form of bigotry thats acceptable nowadays?","author":"Gleason","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-20 05:49:36","modified":"2015-05-20 05:49:36","fileurl":""},{"id":268389,"heading":"swastika loons","article":"The actions of the swastika drawers are both despicable and pathetic - clearly the sign of some kind of mental illness. However, crossburning is more serious; it is only a short step from burning a cross on a lawn to burning the house with people in it. ","author":"Meyer London","parent_id":267750,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2015-05-31 03:22:37","modified":"2015-05-31 03:22:37","fileurl":""}]}