{"article":{"id":119795,"heading":"The naked monkey facing the globalizati\u00f3n. Do human beings really exist?(English\/Spanish)","author":"Oscar S\u00e1nchez Fern\u00e1ndez de la V","created":"2004-11-26 09:41:41","modified":"2026-10-25 17:02:53","last_modified":"Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:02:53","article":"<p>1- The naked monkey facing the globalizati&oacute;n. Do human beings really exist?(English\/Spanish)ENGLISH Human beings do not exist, and neither does human society. The naked monkey is having his hair grown again.In the beginning of a new era, full of possibilities, which lots of means to eradicate the hunger in the world, the skins of a great part of that same world are mastikable (chewable), and a boy dies of hunger every two seconds. We know that the people who within the coffins are not dead yet,, but nobody makes an effort to stop the burier who continue loosing rope. Is it reasonable a period of twenty years to make pharmaceutical companies accept the generic drug production to fight AIDS (VHI)?. Nobody is innocent. The massive creation of wealth in the last decaded has not being accompanied by a substantial improvement in the application of Human Rights and, what is worse, there is an evident lack of sensitivity before the systematic violation of them. Now that the universality never seems so possible, the leaden reality tells us that more than half century has elapsed since the Human Rights Universal Act and nevertheless they are still trodden. The revolution has not begun but already overwhelms the naked monkey. We feel more and more impotent before a future that becomes, day to day in a rushed present, hardly manageable. And this happens when we had already begun to assume the urgent necessity of anticipating the future, or not waiting the our lives and we are not able to catch it. We are offered numbers and percentages but all of them are uncertain, obsolete, and they have lost their present while us they are given to us. On the other hand, the sequential access to the knowledge is being questioned by the flood of general information that arrives by the manifold mass media without being contrasted, and it blocks, in many cases, the appearance of scientifically correct knowledge.To make matters worse, the death of the Earth is a future possibility. Everything seems to indicate that the space influence of the companies in the global market is going to keep increasing; the real market is still far below the potential one, and it will entail the incorporation to it of million of new obsessive-compulsive consumers I a few decades (Chinese, Indian, South American, inhabitants of the old Soviet Republicas, etc...), who will changed their particular values and behaviours of subsistence economies, by other ones of sufficiency economies mostly perverse and absurd. All this will suppose the extreme growth of the production and the services, with the connotations for the environment. The innumerable aggressions to natural and human means will bring on themselves the deterioration of the Earth to unsuspected limits as the present uncontrol foretells . Definitively, we have to differentiate the obsolete Pyramidal Social System, which is in crisis and responsible of a delirious egoc&eacute;ntrical personal isolation that restrains the inevitable process of human individualization, from the concept of Human Society or spontaneous creation of a world of relation for which biologically prepared. The new social contract will have to allow creatingthe suitable conditions for facilitating individual human development. Everybody knows that we are who fill the future of content with our projects and actions. This is why we have to become attentive examiners of this new chaos which is to bring put a new order, based on values of historical roots and world-known; it will have to questions definitively economical values as universal values.Perhaps it is about time to state the existence of a &ldquo;Universal State&rdquo; over &ldquo;State-Nations&rdquo; or over &ldquo;Local-Nation&rdquo;, and to consider that the only nation really exists is the one that constitutThe globalizati&oacute;n is perfectly compatible with the particular, the individual. A new world order will not suppose a new global social magma but a sum of significant particularities. The sense of global citizenship is not far from the different and legitimed localisms or individualities; they are both simply compatible. (*) Oscar S&aacute;nchez Fern&aacute;ndez de la Vega (Google) is author of the book: Diez horas con la globalizaci&oacute;n(Google) SPANISHEl mono desnudo frente a la globalizaci&oacute;n. &iquest;Existen realmente los seres humanos? Oscar S&aacute;nchez Fern&aacute;ndez de la Vega (google) (*) Los seres humanos no existen, la sociedad humana y la civilizaci&oacute;n tampoco. Al mono desnudo le vuelve a crecer el pelo. En los inicios de una nueva era, llena de posibilidades, en la que sobran medios para erradicar el hambre en el mundo, las pieles de los habitantes de una parte importante del mismo son masticables, y un ni&ntilde;o muere de hambre cada dos segundos. Sabemos que las personas que van dentro de los ata&uacute;des a&uacute;n no est&aacute;n muertas, pero nadie hace lo m&iacute;nimo por detener las manos de los enterradores que contin&uacute;an soltando soga. En este tema nadie es inocente. La creaci&oacute;n masiva de riqueza en los &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas, no se ha acompa&ntilde;ado de una mejora substancial en la aplicaci&oacute;n de los Derechos Humanos y lo que es peor se percibe una evidente falta de sensibilidad ante la violaci&oacute;n sistem&aacute;tica de los mismos. Ahora que la universalidad parece m&aacute;s posible que nunca, la plomiza realidad nos dice que ha pasado m&aacute;s de medio siglo de la firma de la &ldquo;Declaraci&oacute;n Universal de los Derechos Humanos&rdquo; y sin embargo se contin&uacute;an pisoteando nuestros leg&iacute;timos derechos a lo largo y ancho del Planeta. La revoluci&oacute;n a&uacute;n no ha comenzado pero al mono desnudo ya le abruma. Cada vez m&aacute;s nos sentimos impotentes ante un futuro que se convierte, d&iacute;a a d&iacute;a, en un precipitado presente, dif&iacute;cilmente manejable.. Y esto ocurre cuando ya hab&iacute;amos empezado a asumir la imperiosa necesidad de anticipar el futuro, o lo que es lo mismo a no esperar a que el mundo se encuentre en crisis para que intentemos cambiarlo. Hoy el tiempo se escapa a nuestras vidas, sin que logremos alcanzarlo. Se nos ofrecen cifras y porcentajes pero todos son inciertos, son obsoletos, han perdido su actualidad mientras nos los facilitaban Por otra parte, el acceso secuencial al conocimiento est&aacute; siendo cuestionado por el diluvio de informaci&oacute;n general que nos llega por los m&uacute;ltiples medios de comunicaci&oacute;n sin ser contrastada por nadie y que bloquea en muchos casos la aparici&oacute;n de conocimiento cient&iacute;ficamente correcto. Para colmo de males, la muerte del Planeta Tierra es una posibilidad de futuro. Todo parece indicar que la influencia espacial de las empresas en el mercado global va a seguir creciendo, el mercado real es a&uacute;n muy inferior al mercado potencial, y ello conllevar&aacute; la incorporaci&oacute;n al mismo, en un espacio de pocas d&eacute;cadas, de millones de nuevos consumidores obsesivo-compulsivos (chinos, indios, sudamericanos, indios, habitantes de antiguas republicas sovi&eacute;ticas, etc...), que cambiaran sus particulares valores y comportamientos propios de econom&iacute;as de subsistencia , por otros propios de econom&iacute;as de suficiencia y en su mayor&iacute;a perversos y absurdos. Todo ello supondr&aacute; el crecimiento desmesurado e insostenible de la producci&oacute;n y los servicios, el aumento del consumo de petr&oacute;leo, la deforestaci&oacute;n de los bosques, con las connotaciones negativas que ello supondr&aacute; para el medio ambiente. Las innumerables agresiones al medio natural y humano traer&aacute;n consigo el deterioro del planeta hasta l&iacute;mites insospechados, porque el descontrol actual as&iacute; lo presagia. Definitivamente, hemos de diferenciar el caduco Sistema Social Piramidal, en crisis y responsable de un delirante aislamiento personal egoc&eacute;ntrico que frena el inevitable proceso de individualizaci&oacute;n humana, del concepto de &ldquo;Sociedad Humana&rdquo; o creaci&oacute;n espont&aacute;nea de un mundo de relaci&oacute;n para el que estamos biol&oacute;gicamente preparados. El nuevo contrato social deber&aacute; permitir crear las condiciones adecuadas que puedan facilitar el desarrollo humano individual. Todos sabemos que somos nosotros mismos, los que con nuestros proyectos y actuaciones llenamos de contenido el futuro. Por ello en lugar de dejarnos llevar por un est&uacute;pida inercia consumista, necesariamente hemos de pensar el mundo y hemos de constituirnos en atentos escrutadores de este nuevo caos del que deber&aacute; salir un nuevo orden, que se apoye en los valores con raigambre hist&oacute;rica, y conocidos por todos, y cuestione definitivamente a los valores econ&oacute;micos como &uacute;nicos y universales. Tal vez va llegando el momento de plantearnos la existencia de un &ldquo;Estado Universal&rdquo;, por encima de unos &ldquo;Estados-Naci&oacute;n&rdquo;, e incluso de los &ldquo;Pueblos-Naci&oacute;n&rdquo;, y de considerar que la &uacute;nica naci&oacute;n que realmente existe es la que constituye el propio individuo, &uacute;nico objetivo v&aacute;lido de cualquier &ldquo;protecci&oacute;n&rdquo; estatal en una sociedad evolucionada. La globalizaci&oacute;n es perfectamente compatible con lo particular, con lo individual. Un nuevo orden mundial no supondr&aacute; un nuevo magma social global sino una suma de particularismos significativos. El sentido de ciudadan&iacute;a global no est&aacute; ni por encima ni por debajo de los distintos y leg&iacute;timos localismos o individualidades, son sencillamente compatibles. (*) Oscar S&aacute;nchez Fern&aacute;ndez de la Vega (google) es autor del libro &ldquo;Diez horas con la globalizaci&oacute;n&rdquo;(google) ENGLISH2- Tribute to Alvin Toffler: the fourth and fifth waveAccording to the book &ldquo;Diez horas con la globalizaci&oacute;n&rdquo;&rdquo; ( google, yahoo, , Foro-los retos de la globalizaci&oacute;n, Foro elpais.es, galiciadixital.org, elcorteingles, netbiblo, indymedia.org..) 2.1-From the &ldquo;Information Society&rdquo; to the &ldquo;Useful Knowledge Society &ldquo;Alvin Toffler calls the first wave of change the one which it began with agriculture ten thousand years ago, the second wave would be the one which began with the Industrial Revolution and the Urbanism three centuries and a half ago and the third wave is that which we are crossing at this moment, a last change that is deeper than the previous ones because it is global and in addition it is extraordinarily fast. One of the most important characteristics of this third wave is the proliferation of information and the possibility of transmitting and of interchanging it by the network. This phenomenon is so important that, only affecting 15 % of the world-wide population, has already given the name to the new society. Massive information grows exponentially and flows through the communication networks in a random and disordered way, without being contrasted by anybody, exceeding our capacity to process it by lack of time, which disables us to know the importance of the knowledge that is being generated so quickly. The great problem that this new society is creating is the progressive difficulty that causes to assimilate the massive information we are given, blocking in many cases the appearance of scientifically correct knowledge and sinking us paradoxically into a relative ignorance. The excess of information can give rise to a lack of knowledge. The great challenge his to verify the information, to validate it not only scientifically but also ethically and to create the adapted instruments to transform it into useful knowledge for the humanity. Perhaps it would be more logical to recover certain calmness to value the information and reach of knowledge, but it doesn't seems that such attitude has a place in a world governed by a vertiginous competitiveness, that moves away day by day from an advisable cooperation, towards which Humanity seemed to walk after the two World Wars. There exist an extraordinary accumulation of information and perhaps it is now moment to objectify it, to rationalize it so that it becomes a kind of knowledge we can administer, manage and apply systematically to previously defined objectives which satisfy the necessities of the new global society. We needed new public, private or mixed institutions, that dedicate their time to select, to classify and to hierarchize the information, directing the syntheses to the creation of a king of knowledge able to solve concrete human problems of global interest. Europe, that in the last decade clearly was surpassed by the U.S.A. in the technological field, and with unquestionable capacity because of its cultural background, should take the advantage, in the creation of &ldquo;nuclei&rdquo; of assimilation and direction of the knowledge, in its multiple areas, whicht would make possible a new launch of the inevitable process of globalization beyond its present economic characteristics that impoverish it totally. The market will also have to be modulated by the global society and on the part of the public authorities to limit its uncontrolled eagerness of productive knowledge. Several are the great dilemmas that are arising in relation to the knowledge: should we continue creating knowledge in an uncontrolled and exponential way ?, do the supposed forces of a more and more omnipotente market have anything to do with the regulation of the genesis of the knowledge, whose scientific verification begins to be outside control?, should we have to be more centred on the administration of the profits reached and direct the creation of knowledge towards well-defined objectives of potential interest for all Humanity, always compatible objectives with the fundamental collective and individual rights and under universal regulation? I read an article in a newspaper ago which had the following headline: &ldquo;The incredible number of new genes show the anarchy in their names&rdquo;. It seems to be that the genes which exert the same function in different organisms, have most of the times several denominations, sometimes up to twenty-five. To some extent we are before a necessity of compilation and codification of information, of verification of profits, similar to which developed to the Hellenism of Alexander the Great developed in the 3rd century B.C. or the Benedictine translators at Monte Casino, the translators of Salerno and Toledo in the later Middle Ages. Without them the Renaissance did not probably arise and without a selection under criteria of quality controls and codification of the accumulated up-to date knowledge, a new Renaissance, a new Humanism, which gives way to a new modernity, will not arise. For the moment there are indications that not even so important questions are considered, but what seems to be detected is a tendency to consider that knowledge is only justified if it manages to mean something within the technoproductive and market spheres, and this is a reductionist point of view. The &ldquo;global terrorism&rdquo; surely forced to us to reflect on the subject. 2.2-From the &ldquo;Useful Knowledge Society&rdquo; to the &ldquo;Human Beings Society&rdquo; From a social point of view we must admit that creation of knowledge which may bring noticeable improvements for the individual and global well-being, within ethical standards. But to approach to this difficult task, which is far beyond the individual possibilities, possibly demands the birth of supranational organizations that allow the creation of suitable conditions so that the society of the information permits taking the steps towards the &ldquo;Useful Knowledge Society&rdquo;, a fourth wave in the Tofflerian sense, that takes us to the &ldquo;Great Society of Individuals&rdquo;, which would be the fifth wave. Here we can find a beneficial globalization for all and whose essence is the development of the human being. A society where everybody can accede to knowledge on the same terms without anyone considering it as something strange. Otherwise a new type of alienation could arise from ignorance, in those who were alienated (marginalized) from the possibility of reaching it (alienation from the Knowledge , marginalization from the Knowledge) Information is something in the service of all, which must be clarified, verified and whose quality has to be checked, , but the really important thing is that the truthful information when being caught by the individual can be turned into useful knowledge, which not only it is going to be positive for the community, but the vital fuel that is going to facilitate the human development of that being, a great step for himself, a genuine reinforcement of its possibilities, that together with a development of its emotional world, i becomes the growth that we all needed so that our lives and the human condition acquire some sense. The individual is the important thing. The individual with his critical spirit is in the genesis of the philosophy, the democracy or the republic. The world has been invented it the individuals interpreting, manipulating and dreaming the reality. The individual reason made the coexistence possible and the coexistence suggested the democratic base that allowed us to offer each others the democracy with its civil rights on the basis of social contracts that the globalization is forcing to review in a near future. The individual, that cosmos, that inner nation, that particular and huge epic, is far more important than the construction of supranational organizations, the State-Nation, the Town-Nation and the local Autarkies. All things considered, our last global vindication is to recover the Leopold Bloom from James Joyce&rsquo;s Ulysses, with all his rights and possibilities in all the parts of the world. For that reason ands surely in still distant future, we would have to considerer the question of negotiating with insurance that still distant, we would have to raise negotiating with theglobal state the rights of this metaphorical truth: the individual as a nation, with its incorporated personal freedom, perhaps the only nation that should have to exist in a really developed world Then all the intermediaries would disappear in order to achieve new and good human retations, which is really what all of us are interested in. A globalizacion that locates in its centre the development of the human being. People no longer want to be Spanish, but it is not worth being Basque, Galician, Breton or Corsican if it is not possible for everyone to be considered as an individual person, protected by all the possible human rights and universally accepted. That would be the globalization we are interested in and in addition is perfectly compatible with maintaining c different cultural creations (Basque, Galician or Slovenian) totally defensible as long as they are not used like hand-thrown weapon against anybody and also knowing that they are always insufficient to obtain one&rsquo;s identity. To think that our identity can be provided by a territory, a language, our traditions and in no way a flag, a hymn or a mother country is to simplify the complex issue. Surely our &ldquo;individuality&rdquo; is in ourselves and all the rights would have to be directed to its complete and free development. It is necessary to defend the identity, since the difference is a constituent element of each human being and also of the collective identities in which he is grouped.SPANISH2-Homenaje a Alvin Toffler : la cuarta y la quinta ola Oscar S&aacute;nchez Fern&aacute;ndez de la Vega (google)2.1-De la \"Sociedad del la Informaci&oacute;n\" a la \"Sociedad del Conocimiento &Uacute;til\" Alvin Toffler llama primera ola de cambio a la que se inici&oacute; con la agricultura hace diez mil a&ntilde;os, segunda ola a la que se inici&oacute; aproximadamente hace tres siglos y medio con la Revoluci&oacute;n Industrial y el Urbanismo y tercera ola a la que estamos atravesando en este momento, un &uacute;ltimo cambio que es m&aacute;s profundo que las anteriores porque es global y adem&aacute;s es extraordinariamente r&aacute;pido. Una de las caracter&iacute;sticas m&aacute;s importantes de esta tercera ola es la proliferaci&oacute;n de informaci&oacute;n y la posibilidad de transmitirla e intercambiarla por la red. Este fen&oacute;meno es tan importante que solo afectando a&uacute;n a solo el 15 % de la poblaci&oacute;n mundial, ya le ha dado nombre a la nueva sociedad La informaci&oacute;n masiva crece exponencialmente y fluye por las redes de comunicaci&oacute;n de manera aleatoria y desordenada, sin ser contrastada por nadie, sobrepasando nuestra capacidad de procesarla por falta de tiempo, lo que nos imposibilita conocer la trascendencia del conocimiento que tan r&aacute;pidamente se est&aacute; generando El gran reto es verificar la informaci&oacute;n, validarla dentro de unas coordenadas no solo cient&iacute;ficas sino &eacute;ticas y crear los instrumentos adecuados para transformarla en conocimiento &uacute;til para la humanidad. El gran problema que est&aacute; planteando esta nueva sociedad es la progresiva dificultad que supone asimilar esa masiva informaci&oacute;n que se nos suministra, bloqueando en muchos casos la aparici&oacute;n de conocimiento cient&iacute;ficamente correcto y sumi&eacute;ndonos parad&oacute;jicamente en una relativa ignorancia. El exceso de informaci&oacute;n, puede dar lugar a una falta de conocimiento. Quiz&aacute;s ser&iacute;a m&aacute;s l&oacute;gico recuperar una cierta tranquilidad para valorar la informaci&oacute;n y el alcance del conocimiento, pero no parece ser que a tal actitud se le quiera dar cabida en un mundo gobernado por una vertiginosa competitividad, que se aleja cada d&iacute;a m&aacute;s de una conveniente cooperaci&oacute;n, hacia la que parec&iacute;a caminar la Humanidad despu&eacute;s de las dos Guerras Mundiales. Existe un acumulaci&oacute;n de informaci&oacute;n extraordinaria y tal vez haya llegado el momento de objetivizarla, de racionalizarla para que la misma se convierta en conocimiento que podamos administrar, gestionar y aplicar sistem&aacute;ticamente, a objetivos previamente definidos y que satisfagan necesidades de la nueva sociedad global. Necesitamos nuevas instituciones p&uacute;blicas, privadas o mixtas, que dediquen su tiempo a seleccionar, clasificar y jerarquizar la informaci&oacute;n, orientando las s&iacute;ntesis a la creaci&oacute;n de conocimientos capaces de solucionar problem&aacute;ticas humanas concretas de inter&eacute;s global Europa, que en la &uacute;ltima d&eacute;cada fue claramente superada por EE.UU. en el terreno tecnol&oacute;gico, con indiscutible capacidad por sus antecedentes culturales, deber&iacute;a tomar la delantera, en la creaci&oacute;n de \"n&uacute;cleos\" de asimilaci&oacute;n y orientaci&oacute;n del conocimiento, en sus m&uacute;ltiples &aacute;reas, que posibilitar&iacute;an un relanzamiento del inevitable proceso de globalizaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s all&aacute; de sus actuales coordenadas econ&oacute;micas que lo empobrecen totalmente. Tambi&eacute;n el mercado deber&aacute; ser modulado por la sociedad global y por parte de los poderes p&uacute;blicos, para limitar su desbocada avidez de conocimiento productivo. Varios son los grandes dilemas que est&aacute;n surgiendo en relaci&oacute;n al conocimiento : &iquest;debemos seguir creando conocimiento de manera incontrolada y exponencial ?,&iquest;tienen algo que ver las supuestas fuerzas de un mercado cada vez m&aacute;s omnipotente con la regulaci&oacute;n de la g&eacute;nesis del conocimiento, cuya verificaci&oacute;n cient&iacute;fica comienza a estar fuera de control ?, &iquest;deber&iacute;amos centrarnos m&aacute;s en la administraci&oacute;n de los logros alcanzados y orientar la creaci&oacute;n del conocimiento hacia objetivos bien definidos de potencial inter&eacute;s para toda la Humanidad, siempre compatibles con los derechos fundamentales colectivos e individuales, y sometidos a regulaci&oacute;n universal ? Hace unos meses le&iacute;a un art&iacute;culo en un diario que ten&iacute;a el siguiente titular : \"La catarata de nuevos genes pone en evidencia la anarqu&iacute;a en sus nombres\". Parece ser que los genes que ejercen la misma funci&oacute;n en diferentes organismos, tienen la mayor&iacute;a de las veces varias denominaciones, en ocasiones hasta veinticinco. Hasta cierto punto estamos ante una necesidad de compilaci&oacute;n y codificaci&oacute;n de informaci&oacute;n , de verificaci&oacute;n de logros , similar a la que desarroll&oacute; el helenismo alejandrino en le siglo III a.C., o los traductores benedictinos de Monte Casino, los traductores de Salerno y Toledo en la Baja Edad Media. Sin ellos probablemente no surgiese el Renacimiento y sin una selecci&oacute;n bajo criterios de control de calidad y codificaci&oacute;n del saber acumulado al d&iacute;a de hoy, dif&iacute;cilmente surgir&aacute; un nuevo renacimiento, un nuevo humanismo, que de paso a una nueva modernidad. Por el momento no hay indicios de que ni siquiera se planteen tan importantes cuestiones, y lo que si parece detectarse es una tendencia a considerar que el conocimiento solo parece justificarse si logra significar algo dentro de las esferas tecnoproductivas y del mercado, y esta es una visi&oacute;n reduccionista. Los &uacute;ltimos acontecimientos terroristas seguro nos obligaran a reflexionar sobre el tema. 2.2.-De la \"Sociedad del Conocimiento &Uacute;til\" a la \"Sociedad de los Seres Humanos\". Un nuevo tipo de alienaci&oacute;n : la del \"conocimiento\" Socialmente solo debemos admitir aquella creaci&oacute;n de conocimiento que tenga la posibilidad de traducirse en mejoras sensibles del bienestar individual y global, dentro de presupuestos &eacute;ticos. Pero abordar tal tarea nada f&aacute;cil y siempre por encima de las posibilidades individuales, exige posiblemente el nacimiento de entidades supranacionales que permitan crear las condiciones adecuadas para que la \"sociedad de la informaci&oacute;n\" permita dar el paso hacia la \"Sociedad del Conocimiento &Uacute;til\", una cuarta ola en el sentido toffleriano , que nos lleve a la \"Gran Sociedad de los Individuos\" que ser&iacute;a la quinta ola, en la que se de una globalizaci&oacute;n beneficiosa para todos y cuya esencia sea el desarrollo del ser humano. Una sociedad en la que todos podamos acceder en igualdad de condiciones al conocimiento, sin que nadie pudiera llegar a considerarlo ajeno as&iacute; mismo. De lo contrario podr&iacute;a surgir un nuevo tipo de alineaci&oacute;n generada por su extra&ntilde;amiento, en aquellos que se encontraran marginados de la posibilidad de alcanzarlo (alienaci&oacute;n del conocimiento -extra&ntilde;amiento del conocimiento) La informaci&oacute;n es algo al servicio de todos, que habra que clarificar, verificar y contrastar su calidad, pero lo realmente importante es que la informaci&oacute;n veraz al ser captada por el individuo, este la convierta en conocimiento &uacute;til, que no solo va a ser positivo para la colectividad sino que va a ser el combustible vital que va a facilitar el desarrollo humano de ese ser, un avance dentro de si mismo, una autentica potenciaci&oacute;n de sus posibilidades, que unido a un desarrollo de su mundo emocional, se convierta en el crecimiento que todos necesitamos para que nuestras vidas y la condici&oacute;n humana adquieran sentido. El individuo es lo importante. En el g&eacute;nesis de la filosof&iacute;a, la democracia, la rep&uacute;blica est&aacute; el individuo con su esp&iacute;ritu cr&iacute;tico. El mundo lo hemos inventado los individuos interpretando, manipulando y so&ntilde;ando la realidad. La raz&oacute;n individual hizo posible la convivencia y la convivencia nos sugiri&oacute; la base democr&aacute;tica que nos permiti&oacute; ofrecernos unos a otros el estado de derecho en base a unos contratos sociales que la globalizaci&oacute;n va a obligar a revisar en u futuro pr&oacute;ximo. Por encima de la construcci&oacute;n de entidades supranacionales, de los Estados-Naci&oacute;n, los Pueblos-Naci&oacute;n y las Autarqu&iacute;as Locales se encuentra el individuo, ese cosmos, esa naci&oacute;n interior, esa particular y grandiosa epopeya vital . En definitiva, nos surge como &uacute;ltima reivindicaci&oacute;n global recuperar el Leopoldo Bloon del Ulises de James Joyce, con todos sus derechos y posibilidades en todas las partes del mundo. Por ello en esta l&iacute;nea de futuro, seguro que a&uacute;n lejano, tendr&iacute;amos que plantearnos el negociar ante el estado global los derechos de esta verdad metaf&oacute;rica : el individuo naci&oacute;n, con su soberan&iacute;a personal incorporada, tal vez la &uacute;nica naci&oacute;n que deber&iacute;a existir necesariamente en un mundo realmente evolucionado. En ese momento desaparecer&iacute;an todos los intermediarios para una nuevas y buenas relaciones humanas, que en definitiva es lo que a todos verdaderamente nos interesa. Una globalizaci&oacute;n que sit&uacute;e en su centro el desarrollo del ser humano. La gente ya no quiere ser espa&ntilde;ola, pero de nada vale ser \"vasco\", \"gallego\", \"bret&oacute;n\" o \"corso\" si no se consigue que a cada individuo le permitan ser el mismo, amparado por todos los Derechos Humanos posibles y universalmente aceptados. Esa ser&iacute;a la \"globalizaci&oacute;n\" que a todos nos interesa, Y esto es adem&aacute;s perfectamente compatible con mantener creaciones culturales diferenciadas (vascas, gallegas o eslovenas), plenamente defendibles siempre y cuando no sean empleadas como arma arrojadiza contra nadie y sabiendo adem&aacute;s que son siempre insuficientes para lograr la identidad de uno mismo. Creer que nuestra identidad nos la puede proporcionar un territorio, un idioma, nuestras tradiciones y mucho menos una bandera, un himno o una patria es simplificar lo complejo. Con seguridad nuestra \"individualidad\" est&aacute; potencialmente en nosotros mismos y todos los derechos deber&iacute;an de orientarse a que se desarrollase total y libremente. Hay que defender la identidad, puesto que la diferencia es un elemento constitutivo de cada ser humano y tambi&eacute;n de las identidades colectivas en que este se agrupa  <br>  <br> Copyright by the author. All rights reserved. <br>  <br> <\/p>\n","contact":"ofdelavega@edu.xunta.es","link":"","address":"","phone":"","parent_id":0,"mime_type":"text\/plain","summary":"\r\nOscar S\u00e1nchez Fern\u00e1ndez de la Vega (google).- Author of the book: \u201cDiez Horas con la Globalizaci\u00f3n\u201d (google, yahoo, wanadoo, foro-los retos de la globalizaci\u00f3n, indymedia.org, elcorteingles.es, elpais.es, galiciadixital.com, netbiblo\u2026...)\r\n1- The naked monkey facing the globalizati\u00f3n. Do human beings really exist?(English\/Spanish)\r\n2- Tribute to Alvin Toffler: the fourth and fifth wave (English\/Spanish)(This article-publish-it complements the previous article) \r\n2.1-From the \u201cInformation Society\u201d to the \u201cUseful Knowledge Society \u201c\r\n2.2-From the \u201cUseful Knowledge Society\u201d to the \u201cHuman Beings Society\u201d","numcomment":0,"fileurl":"\/uploads\/","filesize":null,"article_url":"\/news\/2004\/11\/119795.php"},"attachments":[],"comments":[]}