When\r\nis Political Violence Justified?\r\nAuthor: Phoenix<\/i>\r\n<\/p>
Today I am writing about a very sensitive subject. Indeed, at this\r\npoint in time it is a very dangerous subject to write about. The subject\r\nis political violence: when is it justified and when is it not justified. \r\nThere are many positions on this topic and like most topics there are extreme\r\npositions. One extreme position is that political violence is never\r\njustified. This is the belief held by pacifists and followers of Gandhi. \r\nAt the other extreme we find believers in political violence ranging from\r\nStalinists, some Anarchists, Fascists, to Imperialists, among others. \r\nThese political ideologies generally support the use of violence to achieve\r\ntheir ends.<\/p>\r\n
My position is not extreme. In fact, upon closer inspection, I think it\r\nis not in the least bit radical. I believe that there are times when\r\npolitical violence is justified but that these situations are not encountered\r\nfrequently and in all cases political violence can only be justified on the\r\nbasis of the preservation of categorically imperative values, such as the rights\r\nto life and liberty, which cannot be compromised without extinguishing\r\nthem. Said differently, there are various rights that we have by nature\r\nand the negation of those rights destroys our humanity. That which reduces\r\nus to less than human kills us qua our human nature. Since the right to\r\nself defense of our existence as humans is absolute, violence is justified when\r\nit is necessary for preserving our human nature.<\/p>\r\n
Some may argue that if human nature is natural, it cannot be removed from\r\nus. I beg to differ. When you treat a human being as an animal you\r\nreduce the human being to an animal (i.e. you have killed the human). Our\r\nnature is not found only within us but it is found in our relationship to our\r\nsurroundings. As our relationship to our surroundings changes, it impinges\r\nupon our nature and changes our nature. We exist as embedded entities and\r\nthe notion of atomic selves (that is, selves separable completely from other\r\nselves) is absurd. I am not only that which is bounded by my outer layer\r\nof cells, I am that and I am my relationship to the world around me which\r\nincludes my relationship to others. When my relationship to others becomes\r\nhierarchical, I am denied my true nature as I am bound by the constraints of the\r\nhierarchical relationship. If I am to remain human, I must change the\r\nrelationship between myself and others such that I am no longer subject to a\r\nhierarchy. Anything less than a voluntary relationship between myself and\r\nothers negates my nature. Since it negates my nature, it kills me qua my\r\nnature as a human being and I have a right to restore my nature as a human\r\nbeing, even by using violence if there is no other option.<\/p>\r\n
It is important to distinguish between past, present and future when\r\nconsidering violence. Violence in response to past injustices is not self\r\ndefense. You cannot change the past. Relationships exist in the\r\npresent and violence in the present does not change the past unless access to\r\nthe future exists. What I mean by this is if, hypothetically, we could see\r\ninto the future with absolute accuracy then violence in the present would have a\r\ncausal relationship to the past as individuals in the past would be able to see\r\nthe future. Such individuals with the ability to see the future accurately\r\nwould adjust their behavior to avoid negative consequences further down the\r\nline. If a violator of rights could see clearly your\r\n\"retaliation\" in the future, that might cause the violator not to\r\nengage in the violations. If this were our reality, present violence\r\nagainst past violations might be viewed as defensive. However, we know of\r\nno cases where actions taken in the present have changed the past and therefore,\r\ncannot assume that they do change the past. Since we have no basis in\r\nbelieving that our present actions change the past, no action taken in the\r\npresent in relation to a violation in the past can be said to be\r\ndefensive. Defense, for it to be defense, must have some chance, even if\r\nvery slight, of stopping the violation or reducing it. We know that this\r\nis the case when a defensive action and a violation are simultaneous relative to\r\nour place in space\/time, but we do not know this to be the case otherwise.<\/p>\r\n
On the other hand, it is possible that various actions taken in the present\r\ncould defend against violations in the future, but the question is whether we\r\ncan know that such violations in the future will really take place. For\r\nexample, even if I can prove that a specific individual will attack me in two\r\ndays in such a way as to deny me my nature, that proof is likely contingent upon\r\nvarious assumptions. For example, I am assuming that an asteroid will not\r\ncrash into the Earth between now and then and end all life on Earth. I am\r\nassuming that the person will not have a change in heart over the next two\r\ndays. There are an infinity of assumptions I am making when I believe that\r\nI can prove that an individual will violate my nature at some future coordinate\r\nin space\/time. Since these are assumptions, in the absence of being able\r\nto see the future, I cannot prove that my action is defensive. Indeed,\r\nsince nothing may happen in two days, my action can only be interpreted as\r\naggression. It is, in fact, a violation of the other individual's nature\r\nand he or she would be justified in defending himself or herself against me in\r\nthe present.<\/p>\r\n
It follows from the above that one cannot, in the present, defend against\r\nviolations in the past and in the future. One can do nothing about the\r\npast, except learn from it, and one can do nothing about the future except\r\nprepare oneself for the possibility of needing to engage in defense when that\r\npoint in space\/time is arrived upon. The use of violence for retaliation\r\nor prevention, therefore, is unethical. Executing a person for murdering\r\nanother is murder and murdering a person in order to prevent him or her from\r\nmurdering in the future is murder. Preemptive war is even more absurd\r\nbecause it murders many that have no causal connection to future concerns.<\/p>\r\n
It also follows from the above that the use of violence in the present when\r\none's nature is being negated and there is no other option to preserve one's\r\nnature is ethically justified. For example, if, during a demonstration, a\r\npolice officer abuses his authority with the intent of denying you your rights,\r\nit is ethical (though perhaps illegal) for you to resist. If every attempt\r\nat peaceful resistance fails, then it is your ethical right to use violence if\r\nthat violence will restore your nature or has a chance of doing so.<\/p>\r\n
Is all violence equal? For example, if I defend myself against a minor\r\nassault by beheading the assailant is that the same thing as merely blocking the\r\nassailant and temporarily disabling him or her? If we are concerned about\r\nonly using violence when there is no other option it must be because there is\r\nsomething abhorrent about violence. If there is something abhorrent about\r\nviolence and there is something less abhorrent about some alternative actions,\r\nthen it stands to reason that there is some continuum of abhorrence and that\r\nviolence is some range within that continuum. There must, therefore, be\r\nkinds of violence which are less abhorrent than other kinds of violence. \r\nThe degree that one is willing to engage in abhorrent behavior must be\r\njustified. Since one's rights are absolute, one cannot compare an absolute\r\nto degrees of abhorrence. Killing is justified if it is the only\r\nalternative in preserving one's human nature, but when violence less than\r\nkilling will do the same, then it is ethically imperative to take those steps\r\nnecessary to minimize the level of violence to just that which is necessary to\r\npreserve one's human nature. This is important because the violator has\r\nrights too. The violator has a right to life. Since he or she has\r\nchosen to violate your rights, you have the right to oppose him or her. \r\nHis or her own decision (i.e. to violate your rights) justifies your right to\r\ndefend your rights even if that means taking the assailants rights away. \r\nHowever, since the goal is to protect rights, one should violate the assailants\r\nrights only in so far as it is necessary to preserve one's own rights. If\r\nyou can preserve your own rights without taking away the assailants right to\r\nlife, then that is what you are ethically constrained to do.<\/p>\r\n
There has been a great cost to following Gandhi's example. Gandhi's\r\nmethods work when the violator is bound by ethical principles which he or she is\r\nunwilling to defile. Gandhi's methods do not work when the violator\r\ndispenses with all ethical principles. Gandhi could resist the British\r\nbecause they had ethical principles. Gandhi would have failed against\r\nHitler. Fascism cannot be opposed by pacifism. So long as we have\r\n\"peace monitors\" among us who demand that violence always be avoided,\r\neven in the face of unethical oppressors, we will be forced into conditions\r\nbeneath our dignity as human beings.<\/p>\r\n\n","contact":"","link":"","address":"","phone":"","parent_id":0,"mime_type":"text\/html","summary":"Today I am writing about a very sensitive subject. Indeed, at this point in time it is a very dangerous subject to write about. The subject is political violence: when is it justified and when is it not justified. There are many positions on this topic and like most topics there are extreme positions. One extreme position is that political violence is never justified. This is the belief held by pacifists and followers of Gandhi. At the other extreme we find believers in political violence ranging from Stalinists, some Anarchists, Fascists, to Imperialists, among others. These political ideologies generally support the use of violence to achieve their ends.","numcomment":6,"fileurl":"\/uploads\/","filesize":null,"article_url":"\/news\/2004\/07\/114010.php"},"attachments":[],"comments":[{"id":114016,"heading":"frescxa","article":"If the fools of the above group weren't so utterly inane and innefectual they'd be scary.\r\n\r\nAs it is, they're simply laughable.\r\n\r\nAll these racist groups...united alliance (or whatever the hell the call themselves), the KKK, Black muslims, Black Panthers, La Raza, Hamas...all of these racist scumbags should be put to sleep.","author":"pathetic","parent_id":114010,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2004-07-11 19:06:40","modified":"2004-07-11 19:06:40","fileurl":""},{"id":114026,"heading":"black oak tea","article":"whi cheegs gibt rytyus hayd, n yall nee sum, bo.","author":"folded in 1\/2-- 14"","parent_id":114010,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2004-07-11 22:53:15","modified":"2004-07-11 22:53:15","fileurl":""},{"id":212684,"heading":"are you Serious?","article":"I have seen some backwards racial propaganda in my time but none that TOPs that of which is being pushed out from the so called National Alliance. I mean even their symbolism is upside down. Your Intelligence would have to be seriously stunted(Terminally mentally RETARDED) to trust in an organization who doesn't understand that their own people are the cause of their own effects that they fill minds with lies. Come on National Alliance you guys are a joke that is not funny. You only motivate others to use racial propaganda against you. Have you ever heard of the axiom "What goes around comes around..."(Karma). You wont escape that LAW of the Universe that of which unfortunately for us all you are not separate from or above, NO ONE IS. You can only make it worse for all, including you, with your immature attempts to generate MORE HATE crimes from your own people, as if they don't hold the RECORD in all of HISTORY. Imagine if one picked the worse of your kind in history and mass propaganda it, what would happen to the world if they knew the truth? Imagine what would really happen to your own kind. RESPECT ALL or LOOSE ALL.\r\n\r\nThe Real...","author":"Illuminok","parent_id":114010,"mime_type":"text\/plain","created":"2008-01-17 20:21:50","modified":"2008-01-17 20:21:50","fileurl":""}]}